腹腔穿刺与腹腔输液港在卵巢癌患者腹腔化疗中的应用比较

目的:探讨腹腔穿刺与腹腔输液港在卵巢癌患者腹腔化疗中的应用效果。方法:选择2017年1月至2018年12月住院行腹腔化疗的卵巢癌患者90例，其中腹腔穿刺组患者45例，腹腔输液港组患者45例。对比2组患者的治疗效果、导管相关并发症发生情况、穿刺时疼痛评分、一次性穿刺成功率以及疗程完成情况。结果:两组患者治疗效果比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；导管相关并发症发生情况，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；腹腔输液港组患者穿刺疼痛评分低于腹腔穿刺组，两组M(P25，P75)评分分别为2.00（1.40，2.50）和5.33（5.00，5.67），差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），腹腔输液港组患者有18例主诉在留置期间存在腹部异物感；腹腔穿刺组患者一次性穿刺成功率为87.44%（181/207），腹腔输液港组患者为95.04%（249/262），两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；腹腔穿刺组患者疗程完成率为82.22%（37/45），腹腔输液港组为95.56%（43/45），差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:腹腔输液港相较于腹腔穿刺应用于腹腔化疗中，其一次性穿刺成功率更高，疗程完成度更好，故在经济条件允许且化疗周期较长、腹部穿刺困难或对疼痛不耐受的患者可考虑置入腹腔输液港。     

Prevalence and clinical impact of TP53 germline mutations in Chinese women with breast cancer

The prevalence and clinical relevance of TP53 germline mutations in a large unselected breast cancer series are largely unknown. Here, we determined TP53 germline mutations in a large cohort of 10,053 unselected breast cancer patients through multigene panel-based next-generation and/or Sanger sequencing assays. We found that 0.5% of patients (50 cases) carried a pathogenic TP53 germline mutation in this large series of 10,053 unselected breast cancer patients, and the prevalence of TP53 germline mutation was 3.8% in very early onset breast cancer (age ≤30 years) in this large cohort. TP53 mutation carriers were significantly more likely to have early onset cancer (p < 0.001) and bilateral breast cancer (p = 0.03), they and were significantly more likely to respond to carboplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to anthracycline- or taxane-based regimen in terms of pathologic complete response (50% vs. 0%, p = 0.006). At the median follow-up of 54 months, TP53 mutation was an independent unfavorable factor for recurrence-free survival (RFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and overall survival (OS) (RFS, adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–4.33, p = 0.02; DRFS, adjusted HR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.41–5.30, p = 0.003; OS, adjusted HR: 4.60, 95% CI: 2.26–9.41, p < 0.001) in multivariate analyses. Our study suggested that TP53 germline mutations occur more frequently in very early onset unselected breast cancer patients; and TP53 germline mutation carriers have a very poor survival and may benefit from carboplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in unselected breast cancer patients.     

经皮肺穿刺肺癌兔应用化疗药物对肿瘤细胞沿针道转移率影响的研究

目的探究化疗药物对已进行经皮肺穿刺肺癌兔术后肿瘤细胞沿针道转移率的影响。方法将成功建立的肺癌兔模型分为治疗组24只,对照组20只,所有患兔在计算机断层扫描(CT)引导下成功进行细针吸取细胞学检查(FNAC)5次,治疗组在进行穿刺后保留套管拔出针芯,边给予化疗药物边撤出套管。沿针道搜集组织并进行病理细胞学检测。结果治疗组中,3个不同部位5次穿刺均未发现阳性转移的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);对照组中,脏层胸膜5次穿刺均未发现阳性转移的发生率分别低于壁层胸膜和胸壁组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);治疗组脏层胸膜5次穿刺均未发现阳性转移的发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。穿刺后,治疗组脏层胸膜肿瘤细胞转移阳性率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);两组壁层胸膜及胸壁组织的肿瘤细胞转移阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论经皮肺穿刺肺癌兔使用化疗药物可降低肿瘤细胞沿针道的阳性转移率。     

早期三阴性乳腺癌治疗模式及新辅助治疗研究进展CSCD

三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)侵袭性强,易早期复发转移,预后较差,并具有明显的异质性。改善TNBC患者长期预后仍是乳腺癌治疗中所面临的挑战,需要更多的临床证据来指导治疗策略的选择。本文对可手术TNBC患者常规治疗模式及辅助化疗方案的选择、先化疗后手术的治疗模式探索、优化新辅助治疗方案的研究进展等方面进行综述,以期为TNBC治疗的临床实践及研究提供参考。     

儿童室管膜瘤的临床研究进展

室管膜瘤是一种原发于神经上皮的中枢神经系统肿瘤，病变累及脑和脊髓，多发于儿童。基因分型的新分类方法，为室管膜瘤的治疗和预后评估提供了更为可靠的依据。室管膜瘤对辅助治疗的敏感性低是造成患儿预后较差的重要原因之一。该文对近年来儿童室管膜瘤的分型、诊断、治疗策略等进行综述。     

Cabozantinib for relapsed neuroblastoma: Single institution case series

Relapsed high‐risk neuroblastoma has few effective therapies currently available or in development. Cabozantinib is an Food and Drug Administration approved multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for select adult malignancies with preclinical data suggesting efficacy against neuroblastoma. A safe and tolerable dose has been identified for children, but its efficacy remains unknown. We describe four children with relapsed metastatic neuroblastoma treated with cabozantinib. All four patients had extended disease control (two complete responsesfor >12 months, 2 stable disease >6 months) with manageable predictable toxicities requiring dose reduction in two patients. We discuss the potential for the use of cabozantinib in neuroblastoma.